Florida Gulf Coast University
OP-10: Biodiversity

FGCU has over half of its campus allocated to conservation areas or preserves. Conservation Areas and Wetland Areas as defined by South Florida Water Management District. This agency is responsible for permitting water management on FGCU's campus, as well as management of water during and around construction projects. (http://www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page/portal/sfwmdmain/home%20page)

Endangered and vulnerable species and environmentally sensitive areas are assessed and monitored through the campus master planning process, the Campus Ecosystem Model (CEM), faculty research, and the Environmental Sustainability Committee (ESC). Please see attached report - “Status and Monitoring of Biodiversity on the Florida Gulf Coast University Campus”

CAMPUS ECOSYSTEMS The Campus Ecosystem Model at FGCU identifies the following major natural ecosystems that comprise our main campus. Additional ecosystems, such as Pine-Oak Scrub, Mangrove, Estuary, and Salt Marsh ecosystems are located at auxiliary campuses in Lee and Collier counties. Our on-campus research includes viewing the developed areas as also potential habitats for nurturing biodiversity, following the concept of reconciliation ecology. These studies should impact how we develop the campus, in particular the landscaping, and how those developed lands are managed, long-term (e.g. minimizing pesticide use). Pine Flatwoods (http://www.fgcu.edu/CAS/CEM/pine.html) A pine flatwoods can be most easily recognized by pine trees forming a canopy that is more open than, for example, the canopy in a cypress slough. A common species association in this ecosystem is pine-gallberry-saw palmetto. Areas considered pine flatwoods are found from the Carolinas sweeping down into the peninsular Florida. Plants in this habitat are adapted to a frequent fire regime. In northern parts of the state long leaf pine may appear more often than in the southern and southwestern parts of Florida where the upland pines are dominated by slash pine. Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa) is common to uplands in southwest Flroida, including the FGCU campus. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a typical understory species, well-adapted to fire-dominated systems, easily identified by large, fan-shaped leaves and trunks that tend to grow horizontally along the ground. Other common understory and groundcover species include wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), tarflower (Befaria racemosa), gallberry (Ilex glabra), and a wide variety of grasses and herbs. Fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and bay trees (Persia sp.) are found near ponds within pine flatwood areas; while saw palmetto, gallberry, and rusty lyonia (Lyonia ferruginea) occupy slash pine flatwoods sites. Hardwood Hammocks Hardwood hammocks in Florida are defined as forests of principally broad-leaved hardwood trees. These ecosystems are typically dominated by oak trees (Quercus sp.), red maples (Acer rubra) and/or mahogany trees (Swietenia mahagoni) in southern Florida. There are several different types of hardwood hammocks in southern Florida such as Maritime, Tropical, or Temperate Hardwood Hammocks, and each hammock type has a unique species composition that is partially determined by the environmental conditions of the location. On the FGCU campus, the hardwood hammocks are more temperate in nature with an overstory that tends to be dominated by live oaks (Quercus virginiana), laurel oaks (Quercus laurifolia) oaks and red maples (Acer rubrum). The understory in these systems is often more dense than the pine flatwoods described above and includes species such as marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa) and myrsine (Myrsine guianensis). The environmental conditions within the canopy tend to be relatively humid, lower in radiation due to shading by the overstory trees and have cooler temperatures compared to pine flatwoods. These conditions tend to reduce fire frequency, which is important since hardwood hammocks are less adapted to fire than many other Florida ecosystems. The soils tend to have a dominant humus layer over a limestone or sand substrate. This humus is dominated by decomposing plant material that serves as an important source of nutrients. Cypress Swamp (http://www.fgcu.edu/CAS/CEM/cypress.html) These regularly inundated wetlands form a forested border along large rivers, creeks, and lakes, or occur in depressions as circular domes or linear strands. Cypress swamp communities are strongly dominated by either bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) or pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens, with very low numbers of scattered red maple and swamp bay (Persia palustris) . Understory and ground cover are usually sparse due to frequent flooding and shading but may include such species as buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), lizard's-tail (Saururus cernuus), and various ferns. The canopy of a cypress swamp is dense, and is produced by cypress and other trees as well as epiphytic plants. Wet Prairie (http://www.fgcu.edu/CAS/CEM/prairie.html) The transitional zone between land and water is referred to as a wetland, and marshes make up one third of Florida’s wetlands. "Marshes are wetlands dominated by herbaceous plants rooted in and generally emergent from shallow water that stands at or above the ground surface for much of the year" (Myers & Ewel, 1990). There are nine types of marshes in Florida, with the wet prairie being the most common type of marsh found on Florida Gulf Coast University’s campus. A wet prairie ecosystem can be identified by its lack of trees, sparse to dense ground cover of grasses and herbs, and flat terrain. The timing and length of the dry season, relative to the seed types available in the substrate, determine which flora germinate and flourish. Some examples of plant species found in marshes are maidencane (Panicum hemitomon), cordgrass (Spartina bakeri), beakrush (Rhynchospora spp.), and muhly (Muhlenbergia fillipes). Subtropical locations, fluctuating water levels, recurring fires, and hard water also shape marshes. Wetland preservation and restoration on the FGCU campus has embraced the ecological reality of the critical ecological role of associated upland systems. Retention Ponds (http://www.fgcu.edu/CAS/CEM/lakes.html) In addition to being surrounded by water on three sides, Florida is also home to some 10,400 freshwater lakes, many of which are located in northern Florida. Of these, more than 7800 are larger than 0.4 hectares, covering a total of 9270 square kilometers, encompassing more than six-percent of Florida’s landscape (Myers & Ewel, 1990). Lakes are a common feature of the landscape in some areas of Florida due in part to the abundance of rainfall and the flat irregular surface that characterizes the state. Many of Florida’s lakes are highly diverse in their flora and fauna; for example, approximately 40 species of native fishes and 20 species of nonnative fishes inhabit these systems. Florida lakes are unusual in that underground tunnels often connect them; however, they are not as "systemic" as riverine and canal systems (Alden et al., 1998). Because of this, invasive exotics have not been as successful invading lake ecosystems. In addition to fish, many different species of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, and water birds may be found in association with these lakes. Lakes not only harbor great numbers of plants and animals, but they also mitigate the surrounding microclimate. For example,extended, gradual heat release by lakes helps protect surrounding crops from freezing. The FGCU campus includes no natural lakes, but retention ponds are a required feature for stormwater permitting, and southwest Florida is now home to approximately 10,000 of these human-created wetland systems. Currently twelve ponds have been constructed and are being managed to maximize native emergent and submerged vegetation. Campus Vegetation Inventories: During the initial site evaluation, 29 species of protected plants were observed on the project site: 1 endangered, 22 threatened, 5 commercially exploited, 1 candidate for listing. The most frequently encountered protected plants were dahoon holly (Ilex cassine), stiff-leaved wild-pine (Tillandsia fasciculata), golden polypody (Phlebodium aureum), shoestring fern (Vittaria lineata), southern shield fern (Thelypteris kunthii), and brake fern (Pteris vittata). The least common, found at one or two locations, were: branded wild-pine (Tillandsia flexuosa), cigar orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum), pine lily (Lilium catesbaei), giant ladies’ tresses (Spiranthes praecox), and strap fern (Camplyloneuron pyllitidus). Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) orchids (Orchideceae), and ferns and fern-allies (Osmundaceae, Polypodiaceae, Psilotaceae, Pteridaceae, Schizaceae, Thlypteridaceae, and Vittariaeae) were the most represented taxa (2015-2015 Campus Master Plan Update). From 2002 to 2006, Dr. George Wilder conducted a floristic inventory of the FGCU campus for wild growing plant species. During this assessment, 564 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, formas) of vascular plants were identified growing wild (not planted) on our campus. This count included species both native and non-native to Florida. At FGCU, these plants grow in natural areas, in disturbed areas, and in developed areas such as lawns, and shrub beds. According to Wilder, one species identified “Lipocarpha maculata, had formerly been listed as extirpated in South Florida, by Gann et al. (2002). That species had been collected previously only once in South Florida, in Lee Co.; however, I recently located L. maculata at two locations within Lee Co., including FGCU. Gann et al. (2002) also listed six species and one variety of the present inventory as critically imperiled in South Florida: Bartonia virginica, Burmannia biflora, Juncus repens, Rhynchospora fernaldii, Scleria ciliata var. curtissii, Spiranthes praecox, and Spiranthes torta. For Lee Co., Burmannia biflora and Spiranthes praecox had each been collected previously only once (in 1964 and 1930, respectively), and there had been no previous collections of Bartonia virginica, Juncus repens, Scleria ciliata var. curtissii, and Spiranthes torta. I have located minimal number(s) of additional localities for six of the seven species and for the one variety, aforementioned in this paragraph, in Lee Co. and/or in Collier Co (all taxa but S. torta). At FGCU, five species and the one variety grow within pine flatwoods situated within the eastern sector of the campus. These flatwoods – or portion(s) thereof – are being considered for development. I submit that the presence of rare native taxa and the high quality of these flatwoods render development inappropriate.” (Appendix B). Wilder also noted the following regionally important species on the FGCU Campus: “six native species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae [T. balbisiana, T. fasciculata, T. paucifolia, T. recurvata, T. setacea, T. usneoides]), eight native species of Orchidaceae (Bletia purpurea, Encyclia tampensis, Eulophia alta, Habenaria quinqueseta, Spiranthes praecox, Spiranthes torta, Spiranthes vernalis, Triphora gentianoides), and two nonnative species of Orchidaceae (Oeceoclades maculata, Zeuxine strateumatica). For Florida, Coile and Garland (2003) listed Spiranthes torta and Tillandsia fasciculata as endangered and Bletia purpurea and Tillandsia balbisiana as threatened. At FGCU, Bletia purpurea inhabits the pine flatwoods discussed above. Within this vegetation survey a number of the species found on the FGCU campus were new records for Lee County (Wilder 2006 and unpublished observations). There were also 14 species designated as Category I invasive exotic species and 10 species considered to be Category II invasive exotic species in this assessment. For a complete list of the 564 species identified in this. These are listed in Appendix B in the attached reprot and below: GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Acacia auriculiformis Fabaceae Acalypha setosa Euphorbiaceae Acer rubrum Aceraceae Acmella oppositifolia Asteraceae Acrostichum aureum Pteridaceae Aeschynomene americana Fabaceae Agalinis purpurea Scrophulariaceae Ageratum houstonianum Asteraceae Aletris lutea Liliaceae Alysicarpus ovalifolius Fabaceae Amaranthus blitum Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia Asteraceae Ammannia latifolia Lythraceae Ammannia coccinea Lythraceae Ampelopsis arborea Vitaceae Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum Poaceae Anagallis minima Primulaceae Anagallis pumila Primulaceae Andropogon glomeratus Poaceae Andropogon virginicus glaucus Poaceae Andropogon virginicus Poaceae Aristida patula Poaceae Aristida spiciformis Poaceae Aristida purpurascens tenuispica Poaceae Aristida stricta Poaceae Aristida palustris Poaceae Asclepias curassavica Asclepiadaceae Asclepias lanceolata Asclepiadaceae Asimina reticulata Annonaceae Aster simmondsii Asteraceae Aster subulatus Asteraceae Aster dumosus Asteraceae Aster carolinianus Asteraceae Aster concolor Asteraceae Aster adnatus Asteraceae Axonopus fissifolius Poaceae Axonopus furcatus Poaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Azolla caroliniana Azollaceae Baccharis glomeruliflora Asteraceae Baccharis halimifolia Asteraceae Bacopa caroliniana Scrophulariaceae Bacopa innominata Veronicaceae Bacopa monnieri Scrophulariaceae Bartonia virginica Gentianaceae Bejaria racemosa Ericaceae Bigelowia nudata Asteraceae Bischofia javanica Euphorbiaceae Blechnum serrulatum Blechnaceae Blechum pyramidatum Acanthaceae Bletia purpurea Orchidaceae Boehmeria cylindrica Urticaceae Boerhavia sp. Nyctaginaceae Boltonia diffusa Asteraceae Buchnera americana Scrophulariaceae Burmannia biflora Burmanniaceae Burmannia capitata Burmanniaceae Callicarpa americana Verbenaceae Calyptocarpus vialis Asteraceae Campyloneurum phyllitidis Polypodiaceae Canna flaccida Cannaceae Caperonia castaneifolia Euphorbiaceae Cardamine flexuosa Brassicaceae Carex longii Cyperaceae Carex verrucosa Cyperaceae Carphephorus corymbosus Asteraceae Carphephorus odoratissimus Asteraceae Cassythia filiformis Lauraceae Cenchrus echinatus Poaceae Cenchrus gracillimus Poaceae Centella asiatica Araliaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis Rubiaceae Chamaecrista fasciculata Fabaceae Chamaecrista nictitans Fabaceae Chamaesyce blodgettii Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hirta Euphorbiaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Chamaesyce hypericifolia Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce maculata Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce opthalmica Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce prostrata Euphorbiaceae Chaptalia tomentosa Asteraceae Chenopodium album sensu lato Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodiaceae Chiococca alba Rubiaceae Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Chrysopogon pauciflorus Poaceae Cirsium horridulum Asteraceae Cirsium nuttallii Asteraceae Citrus aurantium grapefruit group Rutaceae Cladium jamaicense Cyperaceae Clematis baldwinii Ranunculaceae Cnidoscolus stimulosus Euphorbiaceae Commelina diffusa Commelinaceae Commelina gambiae Commelinaceae Conoclinium coelestinum Asteraceae Conyza canadensis Asteraceae Crassocephalu cepidioides Asteraceae Crotalaria rotundifolia Fabaceae Crotalaria spectabilis Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida Fabaceae Croton glandulosus var. glandulosus Euphorbiaceae Cucumis anguria Fabaceae Cupaniopsis anacardioides Sapindaceae Cuphea carthagenensis Lythraceae Cyclospermum leptophyllum Apiaceae Cynanchum scoparium Asclepiadaceae Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Cyperus compressus Cyperaceae Cyperus croceus Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis Cyperaceae Cyperus distinctus Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus Cyperaceae Cyperus flavescens Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan Cyperaceae Cyperus involucratus Cyperaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Cyperus ligularis Cyperaceae Cyperus odorataus Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos Cyperaceae Cyperus pumilus Cyperaceae Cyperus retrorsus Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Cyperus sphacelatus Cyperaceae Cyperus surinamensis Cyperaceae Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Dalea carnea var. carnea Fabaceae Descurainia pinnata Brassicaceae Desmodium incanum Fabaceae Desmodium paniculatum Fabaceae Desmodium tortuosum Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum white flrd. forma Fabaceae Dichanthelium aciculare Poaceae Dichanthelium commutatum subsp. joorii Poaceae Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. microcarpon Poaceae Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. roanokense Poaceae Dichanthelium ensifolium var. ensifolium Poaceae Dichanthelium erectifolium Poaceae Dichanthelium laxiflorum Poaceae Dichanthelium portoricense Poaceae Dichanthelium strigosum glabrescens Poaceae Dichanthelium (?) tenue Poaceae Dichanthelium chamaelonche Poaceae Dichondra caroliniensis Convolvulaceae Dichromena colorata Cyperaceae Digitaria longiflora Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis Poaceae Digitaria filiformis var. filiformis Poaceae Diodia virginiana Rubiaceae Diospyros virginiana Ebenaceae Drosera capillaris Droseraceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Drymaria cordata Caryophyllaceae Dyschoriste oblongifolia Acanthaceae Echinochloa paludigena Poaceae Echinochloa walteri Poaceae Echinochloa colona Poaceae Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Eleocharis baldwinii Cyperaceae Eleocharis flavescens Cyperaceae Eleocharis geniculata Cyperaceae Eleocharis interstincta Cyperaceae Eleocharis nigrescens Cyperaceae Eleocharis cellulosa Cyperaceae Elephantopus elatus Asteraceae Eleusine indica Poaceae Elionurus tripsacoides Poaceae Elytraria caroliniensis var. angustifolia Acanthaceae Emilia fosbergii Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia Asteraceae Encyclia tampensis Orchidaceae Equisetum hyemale Equisetaceae Eragrostis atrovirens Poaceae Eragrostis ciliaris Poaceae Eragrostis elliottii Poaceae Eragrostis gangetica Poaceae Eragrostis virginica Poaceae Erechtites hieracifolius Asteraceae Eremochloa ophiuroides Poaceae Erigeron quercifolius Asteraceae Erigeron vernus Asteraceae Eriocaulon compressum Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon decangulare Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon ravenelii Eriocaulaceae Eriochloa michauxii var. michauxii Poaceae Eryngium baldwinii Apiaceae Eryngium yuccifolium Apiaceae Erythrina herbacea Fabaceae Eugenia uniflora Myrtaceae Eulophia alta Orchidaceae Eupatorium capillifolium Asteraceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Eupatorium leptophyllum Asteraceae Eupatorium mikanioides Asteraceae Eupatorium mohrii Asteraceae Eupatorium serotinum Asteraceae Euphorbia polyphylla Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pubentissima Euphorbiaceae Eustachys glauca Poaceae Eustachys petraea Poaceae Euthamia minor Asteraceae Evolvulus sericeus Convolvulaceae Ficus aurea Moraceae Ficus citrifolia Moraceae Fimbristylis autumnalis Cyperaceae Fimbristylis cymosa Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Cyperaceae Fimbristylis puberula Cyperaceae Fimbristylis schoenoides Cyperaceae Fimbristylis spadicea Cyperaceae Fuirena breviseta Cyperaceae Fuirena pumila Cyperaceae Fuirena scirpoidea Cyperaceae Galactia elliottii Fabaceae Galactia regularis Fabaceae Galium tinctorium Rubiaceae Gaura angustifolia Onagraceae Geranium carolinianum Geraniaceae Gnaphalium falcatum Asteraceae Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Asteraceae Gnaphalium obtusifolium Asteraceae Gomphrena serrata Amaranthaceae Gratiola ramosa Scrophulariaceae Gratiola hispida Scrophulariaceae Habenaria quinqueseta Orchidaceae Habenaria floribunda Orchidaceae Harrisella porrecta Orchidaceae Hedyotis corymbosa Rubiaceae Hedyotis procumbens Rubiaceae Helenium pinnatifidum Asteraceae Helianthus debilis debilis Asteraceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Heliotropium polyphyllum Boraginaceae Hemarthria altissima Poaceae Heterotheca subaxillaris Asteraceae Hieracium megacephalon Asteraceae Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocotlye umbellata Apiaceae Hydrolea corymbosa Hydroleaceae Hymenachne amplexicaulis Poaceae Hypericum cistifolium Hypericaceae Hypericum fasciculatum Hypericaceae Hypericum gentianoides Hypericaceae Hypericum hypericoides Hypericaceae Hypericum mutilum Hypericaceae Hypericum reductum Hypericaceae Hypericum tetrapetalum Hypericaceae Hypoxis juncea Amarylidaceae Hyptis alata Lamiaceae Ilex cassine Aquifoliaceae Ilex glabra Aquifoliaceae Indigofera hirsuta Fabaceae Indigofera spicata Fabaceae Ipomoea quamoclit Convoluvlaceae Ipomoea sagittata Convoluvlaceae Ipomoea triloba Convolvulaceae Ipomoea hederifolia Convolvulaceae Iresine diffusa Amaranthaceae Iris hexagona Iridaceae Iva microcephala Asteraceae Juncus effusus subsp. solutus Juncaceae Juncus marginatus Juncaceae Juncus megacephalus Juncaceae Juncus polycephalos Juncaceae Juncus repens Juncaceae Juncus scirpoides Juncaceae Kyllinga brevifolia Cyperaceae Kyllinga hyalina Cyperaceae Kyllinga odorata cyperus sesquifolia Cyperaceae Lachnanthes caroliana Haemodoraceae Lachnocaulon anceps Eriocaulaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Lantana camara Verbenaceae Lechea torreyi Cistaceae Leersia hexandra Poaceae Lemna aequinoctialis Lemnaceae Lepidium virginicum Brassicaceae Leptochloa fusca subs. fascicularis Poaceae Leptochloa virgata Poaceae Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Liatris garberi Asteraceae Liatris gracilis Asteraceae Liatris tenuifolia Asteraceae Licania michauxii Chrysobalanaceae Lilium catesbaei Liliaceae Linaria canadensis Scrophulariaceae Lindernia crustacea Scrophulariaceae Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea Scrophulariaceae Lindernia grandiflora Scrophulariaceae Linum medium Linaceae Lipocarpha aristulata Cyperaceae Lipocarpha maculata Cyperaceae Lipocarpha micrantha Cyperaceae Lobelia feayana Lobeliaceae Lobelia glandulosa Lobeliaceae Lobelia paludosa Lobeliaceae Ludwigia erecta Onagraceae Ludwigia maritima Onagraceae Ludwigia microcarpa Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis Onagraceae Ludwigia peruviana Onagraceae Ludwigia repens Onagraceae Ludwigia linifolia Onagraceae Ludwigia curtissii Onagraceae Lycopus rubellus Lamiaceae Lygodesmia aphylla Asteraceae Lygodium microphyllum Schizaeaceae Lyonia fruticosa Ericaceae Lythrum alatum Lythraceae Macroptilium lathyroides Fabaceae Macrothelypteris torresiana Thelypteridaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Malvastrum corchorifolium Malvaceae Manisuris rugosa Poaceae Mecardonia acuminata subsp.peninsularis Scrophulariaceae Medicago lupulina Fabaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia Myrtaceae Melanthera nivea Asteraceae Melilotus albus Fabaceae Melochia spicata Sterculiaceae Melothria pendula Cucurbitaceae Micranthemum glomeratum Scrophulariaceae Mikania scandens Asteraceae Mitreloa petiolata Loganiaceae Mitreola sessilifolia Loganiaceae Mollugo verticillata Molluginaceae Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Muhlenbergia capillaris var. filipes Poaceae Murdannia nudiflora Commelinaceae Murdannia spirata Commelinaceae Myrica cerifera Myricaceae Najas guadalupensis Najadaceae Nephrolepis cordifolia Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis exaltata Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis multiflora Nephrolepidaceae Neptunia pubescens Fabaceae Nymphaea elegans Nymphaeaceae Nymphoides aquatica Gentianaceae Oeceoclades maculata Orchidaceae Oenothera laciniata Onagraceae Oldenlandia uniflora Rubiaceae Osmunda regalis Osmundaceae Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Oxypolis filiformis Apiaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum var. bartowense Poaceae Panicum hemitomon Poaceae Panicum hians Poaceae Panicum maximum Poaceae Panicum repens Poaceae Panicum rigidulum Poaceae Panicum tenerum Poaceae Panicum virgatum Poaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Panicum anceps Poaceae Parietaria floridana Urticaceae Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vitaceae Paspalidium geminatum Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum Poaceae Paspalum floridanum Poaceae Paspalum monostachyum Poaceae Paspalum nicorae Poaceae Paspalum notatum var. notatum Poaceae Paspalum repens Poaceae Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium Poaceae Paspalum setaceum var. supinum Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Poaceae Paspalum vaginatum Poaceae Passiflora suberosa Passifloraceae Pectis glaucescens Asteraceae Pectis prostrata Asteraceae Persea palustris Lauraceae Phlebodium aureum Polypodiaceae Phragmites australis Poaceae Phyla nodiflora Verbenaceae Phyllanthus caroliniensis saxicola Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus urinaria Euphorbiaceae Physalis angulata Solanaceae Physalis arenicola Solanaceae Physalis walteri Solanaceae Physostegia purpurea Scrophulariaceae Phytolacca americana Phytolaccaceae Pilea microphylla Urticaceae Piloblephis rigida Lamiaceae Pinguicula pumila Lentibulariaceae Pinus elliottii Pinaceae Piriqueta cistoides Turneraceae Pityopsis graminifolia Asteraceae Plantago virginica Plantaginaceae Pleopeltis polypodiodes Polypodiaceae Pluchea carolinensis Asteraceae Pluchea odorata Asteraceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Pluchea rosea Asteraceae Poinsettia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae Polygala balduinii Polygalaceae Polygala grandiflora Polygalaceae Polygala lutea Polygalaceae Polygala nana Polygalaceae Polygala setacea Polygalaceae Polygonum densiflorum Polygonaceae Polygonum lapathifolium Polygonaceae Polygonum punctatum Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiperoides Polygonaceae Polypremum procumbens Buddlejaceae Pontederia cordata Pontederiaceae Portulaca amilis Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Portulaca pilosa Portulacaceae Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogetonaceae Proserpinaca palustris Haloragaceae Proserpinaca pectinata Haloragaceae Psilocarya nitens Psilotum nudum Psilotaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum Dennstaedtiaceae Pteris tripartita Pteridaceae Pteris vitattata Pteridaceae Pterocaulon pycnostachyum Asteraceae Ptilimnium capillaceum Apiaceae Quercus laurifolia sensu lato Fagaceae Quercus minima Fagaceae Quercus virginiana Fagaceae Rapanea punctata Myrsinaceae Rhexia mariana Melastomataceae Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Myrtaceae Rhus copallinum Anacardiaceae Rhynchelytrum repens Poaceae Rhynchospora corniculata Cyperaceae Rhynchospora divergens Cyperaceae Rhynchospora fascicularis Cyperaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Rhynchospora fernaldii Cyperaceae Rhynchospora filifolia Cyperaceae Rhynchospora globularis var. globularis Cyperaceae Rhynchospora inundata Cyperaceae Rhynchospora microcarpa Cyperaceae Rhynchospora odorata Cyperaceae Rhynchospora plumosa Cyperaceae Rhynchospora tracyi Cyperaceae Richardia brasiliensis Rubiaceae Richardia grandiflora Rubiaceae Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Rorippa teres Brassicaceae Rotala ramosior Lythraceae Rubus trivialis Rosaceae Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia Asteraceae Rumex obovatus Polygonaceae Sabal palmetto Arecaceae Sabatia bartramii Gentianaceae Sabatia brevifolia Gentianaceae Sabatia grandiflora Gentianaceae Sabatia stellaris Gentianaceae Sabatia stellaris white flrd. forma Gentianaceae Saccharum gigantium Poaceae Sacciolepis indica Poaceae Sacciolepis striata Poaceae Sagittaria graminea var. chapmanii Alismataceae Sagittaria lancifolia Alismataceae Salix caroliniana Salicaceae Salvia misella Lamiaceae Salvinia minima Salviniaceae Samolus ebracteatus Primulaceae Samolus floribundus Primulaceae Sarcostemma clausum Asclepiadaceae Schinus terebinthifolius Anacardiaceae Schizachyrium scoparium Poaceae Schoenus nigricans Cyperaceae Scirpus validus Cyperaceae Scleria baldwinii Cyperaceae Scleria ciliata var. ciliata Cyperaceae Scleria ciliata var. curtissii Cyperaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Scleria distans Cyperaceae Scleria georgiana Cyperaceae Scleria reticularis Cyperaceae Scleria verticillata Cyperaceae Scoparia dulcis Veronicaceae Senecio glabellus Asteraceae Senna obtusifolia Fabaceae Senna occidentalis Fabaceae Serenoa repens Arecaceae Sesbania herbacea Fabaceae Setaria parviflora Poaceae Sida acuta Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Sideroxylon reclinatum Sapotaceae Sisyrinchium nashii Iridaceae Smilax auriculata Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox Smilacaceae Smilax laurifolia Smilacaceae Solanum americanum Solanaceae Solanum viarum Solanaceae Solidago fistulosa Asteraceae Solidago leavenworthii Asteraceae Solidago odora Asteraceae Solidago sempervirens Asteraceae Solidago stricta Asteraceae Sonchus asper Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Asteraceae Sorghastrum secundum Poaceae Spermacoce assurgens Rubiaceae Spermacoce verticillata Rubiaceae Spigelia anthelmia Strychnaceae Spiranthes praecox Orchidaceae Spiranthes torta Orchidaceae Spiranthes vernalis Orchidaceae Spiranthes odorata Orchidaceae Spirodela polyrhiza Lemnaceae Sporobolus indicus Poaceae Sporobolus junceus Poaceae Stachytarpheta urticifolia Verbenaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Stillingia aquatica forma with red inflorescences Euphorbiaceae Stillingia aquatica Euphorbiaceae Stillingia sylvatica Euphorbiaceae Stylosanthes biflora Fabaceae Syngonanthus flavidulus Eriocaulaceae Taxodium distichum sensu lato Taxodiaceae Thalia geniculata Marantaceae Thelypteris dentata Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris kunthii Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris Thelypteridaceae Tillandsia balbisiana Bromeliaceae Tillandsia fasciculata Bromeliaceae Tillandsia paucifolia Bromeliaceae Tillandsia recurvata Bromeliaceae Tillandsia setacea Bromeliaceae Tillandsia usneoides Bromeliaceae Toxicodendron radicans Anacardiaceae Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Triphora gentianoides Orchidaceae Typha domingensis Typhaceae Urena lobata Malvaceae Urochloa ramosa Poaceae Urochloa subquadripara, distachya Poaceae Urtica chamaedryoides Urticaceae Utricularia cornuta Lentibulariaceae Utricularia foliosa Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba Lentibulariaceae Utricularia inflata Lentibulariaceae Utricularia purpurea Lentibulariaceae Utricularia radiata Lentibulariaceae Utricularia resupinata Lentibulariaceae Utricularia simulans Lentibulariaceae Utricularia subulata Lentibulariaceae Verbesina virginica Asteraceae Vernonia blodgettii Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae Vicia acutifolia Fabaceae GENUS SPECIES FOR-SUBS-VAR FAMILY Vigna luteola Fabaceae Viola lanceolata Violaceae Vitis cinerea Vitaceae Vitis rotundifolia Vitaceae Vitis shuttleworthii Vitaceae Vittaria lineata Vittariaceae Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae Wedelia trilobata Asteraceae Woodwardia virginica Blechnaceae Xyris caroliniana Xyridaceae Xyris elliottii Xyridaceae Xyris longisepala Xyridaceae Youngia japonica Asteraceae Zamia sp. Zamiaceae Zephyranthes simpsonii Amaryllidaceae Zeuxine strateumatica Orchidaceae Sacoila lanceolata lanceolata Orchidaceae Dichanthelium ensifolium var. unciphyllum Poaceae Rhexia cubensis Melastomataceae In addition, from Will Sanders collections on campus, including the community-based Fungus Foray project: Fungal species: Boletellus ananas Boletus rubricitrinus Clathrus ruber Cyathus stercorius Lentinus crinitus Pisolithus tinctorius Phylloporous rhodoxanthus Pycnoporous cinnabarinus Tremella fuciformis Tremellodendron sp.   Appendix C – Wildlife List This is a preliminary list that is under development. These species have been identified through a variety of course and student projects, and through the Wildlife Club’s FGCU Campus Wildlife Project on inaturalist.org (http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/fgcu-campus-wildlife). One priority for next year is more focused efforts to consolidate all of the animal species lists. Many taxa have not been identified down to species level. Listed or protected species are identified in bold. Each taxa category has a separate section for exotics. Invertebrates Grass shrimp Ostrocoda, Cyprididae Everglades crayfish (Procambarus alleni) Pond snails Limnaeidae Regal Darner (Coryphaeschna ingens) Halloween Pennant (Celithemis eponina) Damselfly Ischnura sp. Water beetle (Hydrocanthus oblongus) Water scorpion (Ranatra sp.) Water strider Gerridae Water bugs (Belostoma sp.) Midge larvae Chironomidae Eastern Lubber Grasshopper (Romalea microptera) Polydamas Swallowtail (Battus polydamas) Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae) Orange-barred Sulphur (Phoebis philea) Cassius Blue (Leptotes cassius) Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae) Zebra Heliconian (Heliconius charitonius) Monarch (Danaus plexippus) White Peacock (Anartia jatrophae) Queen (Danaus gilippus) Streaked Sphinx (Protambulyx strigilis) Banded Sphinx (Eumorpha fasciatus) Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans) Spotted Orbweaver (Neoscona crucifera) Whitebanded Crab Spider (Misumenoides formosipes) Arrowshaped Micrathena (Micrathena sagittata) Gray Wall Jumper (Menemerus bivittatus) Orchard Orbweaver (Leucauge venusta) Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans) Carolina Wolf Spider (Hogna carolinensis) Six-spotted Fishing Spider (Dolomedes triton) Dark Fishing Spider (Dolomedes tenebrosus) Exotic: Zebra jumping spider (Salticus scenicus) New Guinea flatworm (Platydemus manokwari) European honey bee (Apis mellifera) Yellow-banded millipede (Anadenobolus monilicornis) Fish Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) Least killifish (Heterandria formosa) Golden top minnow (Fundulus chrysotus) Florida flagfish (Jordanella floridae) Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhyncus) Spotted sunfish (Lepomis punctatus) Warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) Exotics: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Silver Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Spotted tilapia (Tiliapia mariae) Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) Brown hoplo (Hoplosternum littorale) Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis bimaculatus) Birds Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Great Egret (Ardea alba) Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor) Green Heron (Butorides striatus) White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) American Kestrel (Falco sparvarius) Eastern Screech-Owl (Megascops asio) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) Common Ground-Dove (Columbina passerina) Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Chuck-will’s-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis) Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus) Purple Martin (Progne subis) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) Northern Mockinbird (Mimus polyglottos) Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) Exotic: Cattle Egret (Bulbulcus ibis) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Herpetofauna Amphibians Green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Squirrel treefrog (Hyla squirella) Pine Woods Tree Frog (Hyla femoralis) Pig frog (Rana grylio) Bull frog (Rana catesbeiana) Southern Leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) Southern Cricket frog (Acris gryllus) Eastern Narrow-mouth toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis) Oak toad (Bufo quercicus) Southern toad (Bufo terrestris) Pennisula newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) Greater siren (Siren lacertian) Two-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma means) Reptiles Green anole (Anolis caroliniana) Southeastern five-lined skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus) Black racer (Coluber constrictor) Florida bandedwater snake (Nerodia fasciata pictiventris) Green water snake (Nerodia floridana) Eastern diamondback (Crotalus adamanteus) Eastern Mud snake (Farancia abacura) Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus) Corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) Yellow rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) Scarlet snake (Cemophora coccinea) Scarlet knigsnake (Lampropeltis elapsoides) Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Florida Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina bauri) Striped mud turtle (Kinosternon baurii) Florida redbelly turtle (Pseudemys nelson) Florida Softshell Turtle (Apalone ferox) Peninsular Cooter (Pseudemys peninsularis) Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta) Exotics: Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) Greenhouse frog (Eleuthrodactylus planirostris) Brown anole (Anolis sagraei) Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) Mediterranean House Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) Brahminy blind snake (Indotyphlops braminus) Mammals Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) Florida Black Bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi) River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Human (Homo sapiens) Shermans’s fox squirrel (Sciurus niger shermani) Eastern Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) Marsh Rabbitt (Sylvilagus palustris) Virginia opossum (Didelphus marsupialis) Hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) Cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) Southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis) Exotics: Rats (Rattus sp.) Feral hog (Sus scrofa) Coyote (Canis latrans)

A number of faculty are involved in on-campus monitoring or research projects. The faculty research is disseminated to the campus community through research days, lectures, and their participation on university shared governance committees that inform the campus plans. • M. Abercrombie is working with Environmental Health and Safety to integrate a Fall section of Environmental Chemistry to monitor water quality in our stormwater management system. • B. Bovard has on-going projects to examine carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems using measurement of photosynthesis. In addition, he has several course activities exploring invertebrate distributions on campus. • E.M. Everham III has established a long-term 1 ha forest dynamics plot on campus, monitoring the effect of invasive plants, and their removal, on the growth and survival of native trees. He has several course activities focused on stormwater ponds, monitoring aquatic invertebrates and fish communities. This Fall he will be teaching a graduate seminar focused on monitoring and CEM review. • C.W. Gunnels IV has on-going projects exploring behavior of a variety of taxa including ring-necked snakes, sliders, and arthropods, including butterflies and social insects. These projects include examing the impacts of human development and landscaping. • J.A. Herman is an urban wildlife ecologist with a variety on campus based projects including the impact of development on herpetofauna communities, macroinvertebrate communities in stormwater ponds, and an on-going campus study of habitat use and population dynamics of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes using radio telemetry. • K. Lefevre is an ornithologist, has student projects quantifying habitat use and distribution of avian species on campus, and is leading the Motus tracking project. • S. Thomas has developed a research program exploring the dynamics of stormwater ponds throughout southwest Florida. His work on campus has involved quantifying groundwater interactions with these aquatic systems. We have several priorities for future initiatives to continue to monitor and nurture biological diversity and ecological function on the FGCU campus. • This year we will be focus on revitalizing the Campus Ecosystem Model. These efforts will include offering a graduate seminar on ecological monitoring that will serve to review the overall monitoring effort and recommend modifications and additions. We will also update the CEM website. • This year we will also attempt to build on the FGCU Wildlife Project – initiated by the Wildlife Club - and fully update the campus species lists. This project is intended to evolve into an on-line food web that evolves through time with input from student projects. • In 2017 a radio tower for the Motus wildlife tracking system was installed on campus. This technology has been applied at a landscape scale to track migrating birds, but this radio technology allows extremely small transmitters that have been used for studying insect movement. We have two additional towers that we intent to install on campus and allow finer spatial resolution. This technology promises to support a plethora of possible student projects that explore habitat use and behavioral changes in response to human activity and development. • Several of the campus habitats are adapted to periodic fire. The last prescribed burn on campus was conducted in 1998. A wildfire burned approximately 120 ha (300 a) of the campus in May of 2004. We have been managing the fire adapted ecosystems with mechanical harvest to reduce fuel loads. This year we plan to reintroduce prescribed fire on campus. • Working through the Environmental Sustainability Committee we intend to reestablish the wildlife subcommittee to formalize policies on human wildlife interactions. We also will be evaluating pesticide use on campus toward minimizing use and impacts on non-target species.

2015-2015 Campus Master Plan Update. http://www.fgcu.edu/Facilities/MasterPlan2015.html FGCU Campus Land Use Report (http://www.fgcu.edu/Provost/files/Final_Campus_Land_Use_Report.pdf) Campus Ecosystem Model http://www.fgcu.edu/CAS/CEM Tolley, S.G., M.R. McDonald, E.M. Everham III, and M. Savarese. 2002. The Campus Ecosystem Model: Teaching Students Environmental Stewardship. Journal of College Science Teaching. 31(6): 364-369. http://www.nsta.org/main/news/stories/college_science.php?news_story_ID=46684 Cross-curricular integration of the Florida Gulf Coast University campus as a living laboratory. Oral presentation by Brian Bovard. Co-authors: M.I. Abercrombie, K. Byrne-Bailey, N. Creagan, D, A. Croshaw, R. E. Cross, N. E. Demers, E. M. Everham III, C. Evers, L. Frost, A. Goebel, C.W. Gunnels IV, J. Herman, R. Holtzclaw, J. Kakareka, S. Komisar, K. Lefevre, K. Leone, J. H. MacDonald, V. McConnell, J. Phillips, R. Pires, M. Savarese, H. Skaza-Acosta, B. Thomas, S.Thomas, S.G. Tolley, H. Urakawa, H. Urakawa, M. Voytek, H. Walsh-Haney 2017 Charlotte Harbor Watershed Summit: Showcasing Our Accomplishments. March 28-30, 2017. Punta Gorda, Florida. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/252fd8_359cbe49701e4331adb31cfbc22d6001.pdf Ecological State of the Florida Gulf Coast University Campus 1994-2014. Oral presentation, Edwin M. Everham III. Charlotte Harbor Watershed Summit: Our Vision in Action. March 25-27, 2014. Punta Gorda, Florida. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bxoHQw7HnM