Cornell University
AC-8: Campus as a Living Laboratory

The Residential Sustainability Leaders (RSL) program is a peer-education initiative that also performs ongoing research, analysis, and presentation to key campus operational constituents to improve sustainability culture and operational mechanisms related to the Cornell student experience. In 2022 a new online database was launched to capture living lab projects and inspire new connections https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/living-laboratory

1) In Spring 2021 a team of RSLs worked on a year-long analysis and presented findings on how to improve student adoption of reusable takeaway containers in campus dining facilities to a group of budgetary and operational dining specialists. Their recommendations were adopted by Cornell and implemented in Fall 2021, leading to significant improvement in reusables distribution systems and a move to make the containers free and returnable at most dining locations as a key intervention to increasing adoption. Approximately 60% more students utilized the reusable takeaway container program in 2021 as a result of their living laboratory research.

2) RSLs and Campus Sustainability Office staff also partnered to research and identify interventions to reduce recycling contamination and increase composting in North Campus residential halls by tracking waste weight with photos, data analysis, and tracking during a 6 month period. Findings were presented to residential facilities staff and campus recycling staff to improve bin placement and engage students in signage improvements to better direct appropriate waste disposal behaviors. This initiative improved overall campus engagement in student sustainability initiatives through direct contact across the Compost Managers network.

3) Comm 3180: Communications & the Environment, an undergraduate required communication course, designs social media campaigns targeted at improving student sustainability engagement and campus sustainability culture for the Campus Sustainability Office each spring. The first course completed their work in Spring 2021 and was implemented Fall 2021, with an uptick in engagement and total social media posts of 400% by the Campus Sustainability Office. Topics include sustainable "swaps" for every day products, introducing familiarity with "behind the scenes" operational sustainability on campus, and a suite of student sustainability engagement resources like courses, clubs, and projects on campus.

The Engaged Cornell Initiative (OEI) launched with the overarching goal to establish community engagement in teaching, learning, and research settings as a hallmark of the Cornell experience, thereby preparing our students to become citizens who will enrich not only our community but also the places throughout the world in which they choose to live and work. Engaged Cornell has supported over 1,000 new projects with sustainability focus which engage community partners since launching in 2016.

Examples of living laboratory research in this area include:

1) Vision Zero in Ithaca: An interdisciplinary campus-community partnership to reduce traffic-related crashes and injuries, with an emphasis on creating a safe community which embraces sustainable, alternative transportation and makes our roadways and systems safe for pedestrians, cyclists, and mobility modes of transportation outside of single-occupancy vehicles:
https://oei.cornell.edu/recipient/vision-zero-in-ithaca/
This radical collaboration stretches from campus to community and across multiple Cornell departments and colleges. In partnership with the City of Ithaca, Ithaca Police Department, and Tompkins County Health Department, this team is laying a foundation for Vision Zero in Ithaca, NY. Vision Zero is an international initiative that aims to achieve a roadway system with no fatalities or serious injuries, with a specific emphasis on creating a safe transportation system for cyclists, pedestrians, and with a vision of a lower-carbon transportation future for our community. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, the team aims to leverage multiple data sources and research evidence to bring traffic-related crashes, injuries and fatalities to zero. This initial grant project funds students who are conducting a literature review to support subsequent efforts of the project, including greater student engagement and community health impact. This program has used several full-semester courses and graduate student projects to tie learning outcomes to the community initiative.

2) Bolstering the New York Dairy Industry
https://oei.cornell.edu/recipient/bolstering-the-new-york-dairy-industry/
In this project, faculty, students and partners are teaming up to strengthen the New York dairy industry by educating farmers about the intersection between animal health and food quality and safety, offering processors easy access to extension support and workforce development, and increasing consumer awareness and confidence. The program emphasizes the development and support of local farmers, increasing our regional food supply, and advancing farmers' knowledge and resources for creating healthy human, animal, ecological systems. This project used on-campus dairy teaching barns and learning facilities as a testing ground for students and faculty to then share and learn with community participants on best practices. This program is directly tied to several courses and curricular activities for students.

3) Roosevelt Island Community Roundtable
https://oei.cornell.edu/recipient/roosevelt-island-community-roundtable/
Roosevelt Islanders, Cornell Tech, Cornell Cooperative Extension of New York City and Roosevelt Island organizations — led by a facilitator and leaders from iDig2Learn and the Roosevelt Island Garden Club — will establish goals, priorities, strategies and program topics for the summit. Potential topics include health, science and human development programs on clean water, food, air, land, shelter, resource and waste management; systems that sustain a clean environment; proximity to nature; self-sufficiency; and financial success and stability. Students participating in the summit will have direct experience in an activity where campus resources are brought to bear in a collaborative effort with a public group to address a public need.

Additionally, the living laboratory student group CUSD: Cornell University Sustainable Design, created this project group in 2021:

4) Founded in 2009, Cornell University Sustainable Design (CUSD) is a student run, interdisciplinary project team with a bias towards impact. ICN 2030 Policy is researching existing policies, programs, and best practices in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in existing buildings with a focus on implementation in small U.S. cities. The City of Ithaca is partnering as a real-world stakeholder to implement this project's findings and server as a role model for U.S. cities. https://www.cusd.cornell.edu/projects/policy/

The blueprint for this living laboratory area is our award-winning Climate Action Plan (CAP). The CAP’s strategies bring together students, faculty, and staff on matters of research, education, stewardship and outreach.

1) Student/faculty teams are analyzing the greenhouse gas impact of Cornell's purchased goods across a wide variety of categories such as medical equipment, furniture, food, electronics, laboratory supplies, and building construction materials (https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/additional-ghg-accounting). Cornell's baseline purchased goods inventory was performed in FY2019 using a methodology developed by Professor Natalie Mahowald, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, the Campus Sustainability Office, and a student research team in partnership with Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability and The Sustainability Consortium. A second evaluation was published in the Journal of Cleaner Production in August 2022 as part of the paper COVID-19 impact on an academic Institution's greenhouse gas inventory: The case of Cornell University. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622020418

The Sustainable Cornell Council relaunched as the campus governance system recently and has engaged three working groups of blended faculty/students and staff partners to explore critical campus living laboratory elements related to achieving carbon neutrality for the Ithaca campus by 2035.

These include:

- Low Carbon Business Travel & Air Travel Carbon Offsets: This group is still underway, creating a plan for piloting voluntary carbon offsets for air travel in order to reduce the carbon footprint associated with business travel. Additionally, study the benefits of reduced business travel and remote business participation during COVID-19 to identify areas for long-term adoption which benefit the academic mission and wellbeing of the Cornell community.

Exploring Supplemental District Energy TechnologiesExamine various technologies and systems to meet the peak energy demand and to provide long-/short-term energy storage

Green Hydrogen Working GroupEvaluate the economic and environmental implications of green hydrogen for inclusion in the Cornell Climate Action Plan for peaking and resiliency

Land-Based Carbon Sinks Working GroupAdvance land-based carbon dioxide removal strategies on Cornell lands, expertise and research interests

Supported & Living Laboratory Projects
Earth Source Heat/CUBO - Ensure senior administrative support for the ongoing success of Earth Source Heat
Renewable Electricity Portfolio – Exploring and advocating for additional solar, wind, or hydro power for campus
Campus Metabolism Study / GHG Scope 3 Accounting for Campus Purchasing - research to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions impact, and identify the leading scientific methodologies for ongoing measurement

Cornell's recently updated Design and Construction Standards promote healthy lifestyles, social well-being, and the creation of a welcoming and just space for all members of the campus community. These guidelines set aggressive goals that require innovation, design discipline and steady enforcement. Coupled with a bold space management program.
https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/buildings-energy/building-standards

1) Faculty and student teams in the College of Human Ecology have been surveying occupants in various green buildings to understand occupant experiences of green features. These post-occupancy surveys have helped inform infrastructure improvements over time, and are used in formal course curriculum in CHE as living laboratory data for students to understand and explore behavioral dynamics at work.

2) A class in the College of Human Ecology, DEA 6250 (Human Dimensions of Sustainable Buildings), conducted group projects focusing on Existing Building Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) Policy & Stakeholder Engagement for Cornell’s Climate Action Plan. There were five groups that looked at different scopes and options for potential EBOM policies.

3) Student interns designed and supported the launch of a comprehensive GRITS library of energy conservation initiative projects, which has helped to advance further project implementation with new consitituents on campus, communicate project benefits and financial & carbon savings to senior leadership, and provide ECI staff with insights on long-term ROI performance.
https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/campus-initiatives/buildings-energy/energy-conservation-projects

4) Founded in 2009, Cornell University Sustainable Design (CUSD) is a student run, interdisciplinary project team with a bias towards impact.
The CUSD Team "Existing Building Model" is a consulting team working with the City of Ithaca to help make existing buildings in the city carbon neutral by the year 2030. More specifically, Existing Building Model is modeling and analyzing different retrofit options to these buildings to get the most optimal energy usage savings and greenhouse gas reductions, all of which will inform ICN 2030 Policy.

Cornell's earthsourceheat.cornell.edu initiative is a game-changing living lab project informing the feasibility of direct use geothermal heat for cold climates with minimal electricity and no refrigerants.

1) Cornell's Earth Source Heat project kicked off in a tangible way summer 2022 with the Cornell University Borehole Observatory. Students were actively engaged in many roles including "mud loggers" https://youtu.be/ib3QxSAUGHg as well as roles analyzing seismicity monitoring data, and geological data and samples https://youtu.be/_p5FPKDKAAU

2) Make or Buy Summer Electricity: This group analyzed the carbon impact of making power at the Central Energy Plant when waste heat could not be utilized, vs. buying power from the grid. Recommendations were used to inform campus purchasing and operational policy.

1) Anabel’s Grocery is a student-run, non-profit grocery store on Cornell’s campus provides fresh, local, and affordable food for all students in order to improve food security while also promoting anti-racism. Anabel’s is run by students enrolled in a Practicum in Social Entrepreneurship course and overseen by the Center for Transformative Action, a social justice-focused non-profit affiliated with Cornell. Students annually assess, study, and create new programmatic initiatives to address food insecurity on campus and engage students in healthy, sustainable eating practices. The grocery is located within Anabel Taylor Hall on Cornell’s campus. Much of the produce sold at the store is sourced from local growers and producers, including Cornell’s student-run Dilmun Hill Farm, Cornell Orchards, and the Cornell Hydroponics Club. Many items are sold on a “pay-what-you-can” basis, and others cost approximately half of what one would pay for the same product at the local farmer’s market. A subsidy fund from Cornell’s undergraduate and graduate Student Assemblies helps to keep prices low.

Proceeds from Dilmun Hill produce and Hydroponics Club greens go to a grant fund administered by Cornell Students for Black Lives to support the fight against racism. https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/food-policy-snapshot-anabels-grocery-cornell-university/

2) Dining sustainability student staff in partnership with faculty and staff have been researching the food waste habits of students and designing interventions to reduce food waste.

3) Applied Economics faculty and students as part of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab have been studying the food choices of students in the cafeterias to enhance our understanding of the psychology of food choices in cafeterias.

4) The Sustainable Cornell Council conducted a working group focused on "Dining Operations Food Waste Reduction" which has been evaluating opportunities for food and other waste-minimization in both process and products in Dining Services back-of-house operations with a blended study and student engagement approach. In concert with Menus of Change recommendations, they have made operational changes resulting in significant reduction of food waste.

1) The Cornell Grounds Department uses a Mobile Solar Charging Station designed in partnership with the Cornell University Sustainable Design (CUSD) engineering program in coordination with Engineering faculty, design students, and the grounds crew. The station provides 100% renewable solar power to charge all mobile ground equipment needed for basic campus maintenance and is used as an educational and demonstration display for courses, learning, and campus events.
https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/news/unplugged-students-build-green-trailer-energize-tools

2) Cornell's Sustainable Landscapes Trail is on ongoing living laboratory sustainability resource for the campus community which features campus landscapes designed for maximum sustainability impact with student, faculty, and staff collaboration. The Trail was made virtually accessible as a teaching and learning tools this year in response to the COVID pandemic and increased online / remote-learning needs in a new narrated video tour from Cornell Botanic Gardens. The 16 sites on the trail promote open spaces, natural areas and landscapes with unique sustainability features that enhance and promote healthy ecosystems. Most of these features were designed with staff, student, faculty and research collaboration. https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/news/sustainable-landscapes-trail-offers-virtual-tour

3) The Grounds department partners with Cornell's academic turf grass unit to pilot and study the carbon impacts of different turf management practices. Leveraging higher mowing heights, no/seasonal mow areas, and changes in fertilizer regimes have created measurable carbon reductions.

As part of the Sustainable Cornell Council, a working team has been established specifically to identify purchasing improvement opportunities. The first project of this group involved a group of faculty, researchers, and students who worked with the Building Care team to identify opportunities for purchasing volume reduction in the shared cleaning and building care supply chain used across department and division systems. A year ago, Building Care used eight floor-stripping chemical products; now it’s just one. Mott said his group has pared 13 different floor finishing products down to two – depending on the type of floor – and Cornell now has one standard floor cleaner. (Note that the link provided details work from 2020, but this working group has continued with a living laboratory focus into 2022).
https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/03/cornell-custodians-embrace-low-odor-cleaning-products

Cornell was awarded a large grant in 2022 to install the regions first hydrogen fueling station and evaluate/promote hydrogen for various transportation purposes.

The Sustainable Cornell Council identified "Alternative Transportation" as one of the key working groups through which living laboratory research could improve decision making and financial allocation for alternative transportation systems on campus. Faculty, staff, and students are creating a priority decision matrix for evaluating variant value systems and planetary, people, and financial benefits across key project areas, including electrification of fleet vehicles, electrification infrastructure support (including for commuters), and increasing on-campus circulation bus services. The decision matrix requires evaluation of both human value systems at work in various organizational contexts, as well as evaluation of total carbon and sustainability impact on campus operations and commuting behaviors.

Cornell partnered with a local UN Global Shapers chapter to inventory and analyze ideal placement of outdoor waste receptacles. Project is ongoing as of 2022.

The redesign of campus waste, recycling, and compost signage was performed as a living laboratory project with input from the Campus Sustainability Office, Dining Services, and five student organizations focused on research, behavioral analysis, and the study of effective behavior change communication techniques last year. The redesign process relied on studying behaviors and prototype waste signage in locations across campus, student and user interviews, and a design process to engage researchers and operational staff in ensuring cultural appropriateness, accessible color and iconography, and continuity which worked within existing Cornell building brand and design constraints.

This article from 2018 explains the initiative, though the effort to use collaborative student & researcher teams to effectively design and implement using the design guidelines is ongoing and persistent through 2021: https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/news/new-recycling-signage

Cornell University has its own water filtration plant, and provides clean drinking water to the Cornell Ithaca campus. This water plant is available for tours and living laboratory course engagement, and typically supports 4-5 classes per semester where students are able to tour, study, and access data with real-time evaluation of the consequences of different water quality management strategies and user-beliefs in the quality of water-based on annual reports. https://fcs.cornell.edu/departments/energy-sustainability/utilities/water

Various students in the MBA program, CIPA (Cornell Institute for Public Affairs), and School for Industrial and Labor Relations have done academic projects in partnership with the Campus Sustainability Office and Planning Offices at Cornell relating to the use of metrics in performance management, carbon reduction planning, and campus master planning. Last year, students worked with the Campus Sustainability Office to assess and propose a redesign of the Climate Action Plan as a living, online document. Their research enabled staff to consider options which would be fully accessible, kept up to date with minimal operational staffing needs or additional time investment, and resulted in a new approach to keeping community members engaged in the ongoing updates to CAP strategy & actions in place.

1) Prof. Kelly Musick in her Research Methods class (SOC 2130/PAM 2150) in Sociology regularly has students engage with institutional data on first generation or low income students and the Cornell experience, creating connections between intergenerational economics and educational justice, particularly at the intersection of emerging climate and sustainability learning opportunities. Each term the class works with real world community or campus partners to identify a question, problem, or potential issue for study at the economic-class-sustainability nexus.

2) Prof. Troy Richardson in his Intergroup Dialogue class (EDUC 2610) has small groups of students design and carry out interventions (intergroup collaboration projects) with campus or community partners based around the theme of their dialogue sections—race, sexuality, gender, religion, ability, or socio-economic class. Many of these interventions focus on sustainability or climate-themed topics, including bridging dialogue on environmental issues, resource use, and climate theory across race, class, and other cultural divides. This course is also taught by Prof. John Forester in the same way.

1) Cornell Energy & Dept staff taking Master's programs at Cornell leverage the ongoing climate action plan energy transition projects and related financial analysis to advance their work for academic credit.

2) Cornell's Env & Sustainability major capstone class evaluated the 20 yr financial performance of Cornell's Lake Source Cooling project.

3) The GRF finances energy efficiency and environmental sustainability projects at Cornell University. Energy savings from projects return to the fund, growing the university's possibilities for future funding. Students in the Green Revolving Loan Fund class examine returns related to efficiency projects and their relative impact and relation to EUI and other financial decision making procedures. To date, the class and projects have saved Cornell 1600 Tons CO2 EMISSIONS and substantial financial savings in key energy and operations areas.
https://grf.johnson.cornell.edu/

1) Research on the benefits of flex place and time are being conducted on campus in partnership with the Office of Workplace Diversity and Inclusion and the School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Students and researchers partner directly with staff to perform analysis, research, and study which allows for new insights into the efficacy of various human resource policies and support techniques to allow for better work-life balance. An emphasis of this research has been on determining the quality of life perception and program infiltration rates. This research has been used to improve Cornell's flex program, including updating policies & incentives.
https://www.hr.cornell.edu/life/support/flexible_arrangements.html

https://sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/living-laboratory